Stearic acid can be obtained by suppliers from a wide variety of raw materials of plant or animal origin. The feedstock is the cause of the different quality of the final product. Quality also depends on the manufacturer/supplier and brand of the product. There is no good or bad stearic acid, but the importance is choosing the right brand. Each application has its characteristics. The content of the basic substance is more or less clear. The higher this indicator, the more effective the use of the corresponding brand by suppliers. In the specifications for a particular brand, you need to look at the percentage for C18 (or, if C18: 0 is indicated, these are acids with a high molecular weight, including our stearic acid). The composition of impurities for polymer processing is not significant.
It is more difficult to understand is the parameter of the iodine number. It shows how much iodine (in grams) will be enough to react with all substances having a double bond and contained in 100 grams of a stearic acid sample. What characteristics can an iodine number influence? For example, in the supplier production of lubricants the following dependence is important: the more double bonds (read - the higher the iodine number), the longer the finished composition hardens.
In the form of glycerides, it is the most important component of
solid fats, mainly triglycerides of animal origin, which serve as an
energy stored in the animal’s body. Stearic acid is synthesized in
the animal body from palmitic acid under the influence of
elongate-enzymes responsible for the length of the aliphatic chain.
It is also found in semi-liquid fats, in particular, palm oil, but in
a much smaller amount than in animal fats. In small quantities, this
acid can be found in some types of oil. To a wide range of consumers,
technical stearic acid is also known as stearin, which is a mixture
of stearic and palmitic acids.
Product Features and Specifications
Stearic acid CH3 (CH2) 16COOH, monobasic carboxylic acid of aliphatic
series. White crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in diethyl ether.
Stearic acid was discovered in lard in 1816 by the French chemist,
Chevrel. The molecular weight is 248.48 g/moll, the density is 0.94
g/ml, the melting point of stearic acid is 69.6 °C, and the boiling
point is 376.1 °C.
Applications Of Stearic Acid
Currently, stearic acid is used in various industries by various
suppliers. The multifunctional nature of stearic acid makes it
possible to use it as an activator of vulcanization accelerators, a
dispersant of rubber compound fillers, and a softener (plasticizer).
Whit direct introduction into rubber, it improves the distribution of
ingredients and the workability of rubber compounds. The tendency of
stearin to migration helps to reduce the stickiness of rubber
compounds. Pharmacopoeia stearic acid is widely used in the
pharmaceutical industry. In the cosmetics supplier, stearic acid is
used as a structure-forming and emulsifying component in creams.
Stearic acid is used in analytical chemistry for the nephelometric
determination of calcium, magnesium, and lithium, as well as the
quality of the liquid phase in gas-liquid chromatography for the
separation of a mixture of fatty acids. When polishing metals,
stearic acid is a component of polishing pastes.
This compound is used not only as a functional chemical but also as a
chemical raw material. For example, to obtain octadecyl (stearyl)
alcohol, which is used as a builder and emollient in creams and
antifoam in detergents. In industry, stearic acid is also used for
the synthesis of octadecylamine. Derivatives and salts of
octadecylamine are used as emulsifiers and additives to bitumen in
road construction; direct and reverse flotation agents in the
enrichment of potassium and phosphate rock, feldspar, and mica;
anti-caking agents of inorganic salts and fertilizers; corrosion
inhibitors in acidic environments; crude oil demulsifies in the oil
industry; components of antistatic agents; hardeners of epoxy resins.
From the stearic acid salts, sodium stearate is used as an anionic
surfactant, as a detergent and component of cosmetic products, a
lubricant thickener, a stabilizer in the molding of polyamides and
anti-foaming additives in the food industry, and calcium stearate as
a lubricant thickener, the stabilizer of polyvinyl chloride and external
lubricant for molding products from it, auxiliary desiccant and
matting agent in paints and varnishes, water repellent for cement and
fabrics, additives that prevent caking of flour, emulsifier for
cosmetic preparations. In addition, magnesium stearate is used in the
manufacture of oil varnishes. Zinc stearate is used in medicine,
rubber, plastics and oilcloth production. Copper stearate is used to
bronze gypsum and as an anti-fouling agent. Lead stearate is used as
a desiccant. Water-soluble salts of stearic acid, in particular
sodium, potassium and ammonia stearates, are soaps. Esters of stearic
acid are used as components of adhesive pastes, antioxidants,
emulsions for processing textiles and leather, and food stabilizers.
Stearic acid esters are represented by ethyl and butyl stearates,
used as plasticizers, and glycol stearate, which is used as a
substitute for natural wax.
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